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IUCN Red List

Leptorhamdia schultzi is known from two records: the description in 1960 for the upper Xingu River, Mato Grosso state, from an uncertain location, and the 2009 record in the lower Araguaia River, Pará state, Brazil. Despite significant collection efforts in the Xingu River region, including collections in cofferdams, no further captures of the species have been successful. However, due to the biology of L. schultzi , the absence of recent records does not mean that the species no longer occurs in this area. Leptorhamdia schultzi is difficult to collect because it is associated with rocky bottoms, requiring focused effort. The available records for the genus indicate that its species occur in the main channel of large rivers, in areas of waterfalls and rapids with great depth. This type of environment is common in the upper and middle Xingu River region and in the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers, where collection efforts are insufficient. Thus, it is possible that the species' geographic distribution is much wider, with the possibility of it being widely distributed in the Xingu and Tocantins-Araguaia basins. Because it is a rheophilic species, the construction of hydroelectric dams is a factor that can threaten local subpopulations. In much of the upper Xingu River, after the year of the L. schultzi record , several dams were implemented, and others are planned. In the Araguaia River, the construction of the Santa Isabel hydroelectric dam is planned (Terms of Reference approved). However, uncertainties regarding the species' actual geographic distribution make it difficult to measure the degree of threat to its population. Therefore, Leptorhamdia schultzi was categorised as Data Deficient (DD), (IUCN 2022).

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