Scorpiodoras heckelii (Kner, 1855)
Image contributors to this species:
Frank Teigler (1) Ivan Mikolji (1)
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Other Sources:
Relevant Information:	Three species of Scorpiodoras are recognized: S. calderonensis, S. heckelii, and S. liophysus. Scorpiodoras heckelii is the most widespread species, occurring in the Orinoco, Branco, Negro, and Amazonas rivers downstream of its confluence with Rio Negro. Scorpiodoras calderonensis occurs in the upper Amazon basin, including the Solimões, Juruá, Japurá, and Tefé rivers. Its type locality, originally stated as “Calderón”, is elucidated as Tabatinga, Brazil. Scorpiodoras liophysus is only known from the middle Rio Madeira basin and presents a morphological feature unique within the genus: gas bladder without secondary bladder.
Common Name:	None
Synonyms:	Doras heckelii, Doras calderonensis, Acanthodoras calderonensis, Autanadoras milesi
Family:	Doradidae
Distribution:	South America: Negro, Orinoco and upper Amazon River basins.
Size:	16.0cm. (6¼ins)
Temp:	22-25°C (71-77°F)
p.H.	6.0-7.0.
Reference:	Sabaj, M.H. and C.J. Ferraris Jr., 2003. Doradidae (Thorny catfishes). p. 456-469. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2014.FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, ( 11/2014 ) Leandro M. Sousa and José L. O. Birindelli (2011) Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Scorpiodoras (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with Resurrection of Scorpiodoras calderonensis and Description of a New Species. Copeia: March 2011, Vol. 2011, No. 1, pp. 121-140.