|
Hypoptopoma
gulare Cope, 1878 |
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| Image
contributors to this species: |
| Ivor
Hilton
(2) |
| ScotCat
Sources: |
 |
| Other
Sources: |
 
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| Relevant
Information: |
This genus is recognised
by the flat head and large eyes that are set latterly on the head
and their heavy body armour. The ventral region is also armored
and you can sometimes identify a species by the pattern on the underbelly.
In saying that the species in this genus are notoriously difficult
to identify and most of the time you would need the location of
the catchment area or even down to the river itself to pinpoint
a certain species. Hypoptopoma
gulare is distinguished from all congeners, with the exception
of H. machadoi, by the presence of a single paranasal plate
separating the lateral process of the lateral ethmoid from the second
infraorbital and the nasal organ. In contrast, in all other species
of Hypoptopoma, except H. steindachneri, the paranasal
plates are absent and the lateral process of the lateral ethmoid
contacts the second infraorbital. In H. steindachneri,
there are two or more paranasal plates. Hypoptopoma gulare
is distinguished from H. machadoi by a slender caudal peduncle
(caudal-peduncle depth 7.2–9.1 (8.3) vs. 9.0– 12.0 (10.3);
t (16.298) ,p , 0.001); by fewer premaxillary (12–16 (14)
vs. 16–25 (20); t (12,675) ,p, 0.001) and dentary teeth (10–14
(12) vs. 14–21 (17); t (12,068),p, 0.001); by lanceolate plates
at the base of the caudal fin with dark spot, asymmetrically shaped
and slightly more extended over lower lobe branched rays, followed
by two V-shaped bars pointing forward, with the anterior bar variably
developed on the upper lobe but always connected at its angle with
the basal spot (vs. the lanceolate plates at the base of the caudal
fin with a light brown spot, symmetrically shaped and shortly extended
over the branched rays, typically followed by three vertical bands
variably defined, with the anterior band not continuous in the middle
with the basal spot); by dorsal fin with dark brown, roughly triangular
spot extended over base of anterior 3–4 branched rays, followed
typically by 2–3 bars (vs. dorsal fin without triangular spot
at base; dorsal fin typically with 4–7 bars). Sexual
Differences: Male urogenital papilla short and conical,
covered by anterior flaplike anus. Males with patch of tightly arranged
small odontodes, variably covering first to fourth plates of ventral
series, lateral to urogenital papilla. Males with poorly developed
soft-tissue flap along posterior margin of pelvic spine. Female
anus tubular, without separate urogenital papilla. In females, size
and arrangement of odontodes on plates lateral to anus similar to
adjacent plates, without distinct patch of differentially arranged
odontodes. Female pelvic spine without flap of soft tissue on posterior
surface. Remarks: Cope (1878) described Hypoptopoma
gulare based on a single specimen collected in 1877 near Pebas
by Orton. |
| Common
Name: |
None |
| Synonyms: |
Hypoptopoma joberti,
Otocinclus joberti |
| Family: |
Loricariidae
ycipitidae |
| Distribution: |
South
America: Upper Amazon River in Brazil; lower and upper
Rio Ucayali. Type locality: Peruvian Amazon. |
| Size:
|
10.5cm.
(4¼ins) |
| Temp: |
23-27°c
(73-81°f.) |
| p.H. |
6.0-7.2. |
| Reference: |
Aquino, A.E. and
S.A. Schaefer 2010 Systematics of the genus Hypoptopoma
Günther, 1868 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist. 336:1-110 |
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