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Hudson Crizanto Gonçalves (3)

Abstract: From Anjos et al. Integrative approaches are particularly useful to resolve taxonomic uncertainties in species-rich groups that have undergone explosive radiation, such as Hypostomini (suckermouth armored catfishes). This tribe encompasses the genera Hypostomus and Pterygoplichthys, but the actual number of species in each genus and the intergeneric interrelationships are confusing or unknown for some ecoregions in the Neotropics. Here, we analyzed three endemic species Hypostomus chrysostiktos, H. jaguar and H. unae from Northeastern Mata Atlântica in northeastern Brazil based on meristic characters, geometric morphometrics, chromosomal data, DNA barcode and species delimitation algorithms. The current taxonomic status of these catfishes is challenged. While H. unae and H. jaguar revealed a close evolutionary relationship similar to those observed within Hypostomus from other basins, H. chrysostiktos was herein more closely related to Pterygoplichthys, being invariably recovered as a highly distinctive taxonomic unit than to Hypostomus. Therefore, we recommend the reallocation of H. chrysostiktos as Pterygoplichthys chrysostiktos and a thorough systematic review of Pterygoplichthys, particularly focusing on putative convergence traits in relation to Hypostomus (abstract: Anjos et al 2019). Still Found on some online sources as Hypostomus chrysostiktos. Habitat: Found in dark water stretches of rivers with rocky bottom, at altitudes from 50-662 meters above sea level. Aquarium Care: Whatever the status of this species it will be reasonably peaceful, if large species, which will need a good sized aquarium starting of with a 3 footer (90cm) when small and progressing to a larger tank with good external filtration to facilitate a good oxygen content, as it excretes copious amounts of waste if fed properly on vegetable matter. If the water quality is not adhered to, small holes can appear in the fin membranes. You will notice when your water quality is not up to the mark as they "hang" in the water just of their fins, from the substrate, which means 'get that water change done'. It is kind to plants in the aquarium, the only problem is when it gets bigger and can uproot them in its conquest around the tank. Very hardy species which will do well in normal aquarium temperatures. You can identify a Pterygoplichthys species from Hypostomus for example due to the many more rays in the dorsal fin, which can be up to 10 or over. They also have nasal flutes on the nose. Diet: They are mostly vegetarian with algae being their number one source of food but to keep a large fish fed on algae alone is impossible so you can feed also, spinach, blanched lettuce, cucumber, courgette (zucchini) and also non veg food such as tablets and prawns. Etymology: Derived from the Greek chrysos (after gold), and stiktus (after spotted), in allusion to the bright yellow spots present in the living specimens. Remarks: First described as Hypostomus chrysostiktos in 2007 by Birindelli et al. but in 2019 this species was moved into the Pterygoplichthys genera by Anjos et al.

None

Hypostomus chrysostiktos

Loricariidae

South America: Known only from the Rio Paraguaçu basin in Brazil.

26.0cm. (10¼ins)

22-26°c (71-79°f)

6.0-7.5.

Anjos, M. S., J. A. Bitencourt, L. A. Nunes, L. M. Sarmento-Soares, D. C. Carvalho, J. W. Armbruster and P. R. A. M. Affonso 2020 (Jan.) Species delimitation based on integrative approach suggests reallocation of genus in Hypostomini catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae).
Birindelli, J.L.O., A.M. Zanata and F.C.T. Lima, 2007. Hypostomus chrysostiktos, a new species of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 5(3):271-278.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2022. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, ( 02/2022 )