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Costa et al. 2022 (3)

Trichomycterus longibarbatus Costa 1992, recently considered a synonym of T. alternatus, is not a member of the T. goeldii complex. Its autopalatine has a short posterolateral process and a weakly concave medial margin, and the premaxilla is not folded. Trichomycterus longibarbatus is also distinguished from species of the T. goeldii complex and all other species of Psammocambeva by having longer barbels, with the nasal barbel reaching an area between the opercle and the pectoral-fin base, often reaching the middle portion of the pectoral-fin base (vs. reaching the middle portion of the opercle as in T. alternatus or an area anterior to it), and the maxillary barbel reaching an area posterior to the pectoral-fin base (vs. reaching the pectoral-fin base as in T. alternatus or more often an area anterior to it as in most other trichomycterids). In addition, T. longibarbatus differs from all other trichomycterine taxa from eastern South America by having a narrow and anteriorly expanded interopercular dorsal process, thus assuming an axe-like unique morphology. It also differs from all other species of PAC by having a nearly straight premaxilla. The present analysis indicates that T. longibarbatus is a sister to a clade including all species of PAC. (Costa et al. 2022). Habitat: Near Santa Tereza, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Diet: Will feed on most aquarium fare such as tablet, frozen and live foods. It is an opportunistic predator that mainly feeds on insects, but also will take small crustaceans and plant material (algae and remains of phanerogams). Etymology: longibarbatus, alluding to the long barbels. Remarks: Trichomycterus longibarbatus has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2018. It is listed as Least Concern.

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Trichomycteridae

South America: Near Santa Tereza, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Type locality: près de la ville de Santa Tereza, Espirito Santo, Brazil.

6.0cm. (2½ins)

24-28°c (75-83°f.)

6.0-7.0.

Costa, W.J.E.M.; Mattos, J.L.; Vilardo, P.J.; Amorim, P.F.; Katz, A.M. Perils of Underestimating Species Diversity: Revisiting Systematics of Psammocambeva Catfishes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Paraíba do Sul Basin, South-Eastern Brazil †. Taxonomy 2022. 2, 491-523.
de Pínna, M.C.C. and W. Wosiacki, 2003. Trichomycteridae (pencil or parasitic catfishes). p. 270-290. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Ferraris, C.J. Jr., 2007. Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa 1418:1-628.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2022. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, ( 08/2022 ).
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2022. Trichomycterus longibarbatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022.