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Cnidoglanis macrocephalus (Valenciennes 1840)

Image contributors to this species:

Ian V. Shaw (1) Richard Ling (1) John Turnbull (1) David Muirhead (1)

ScotCat Sources:

Other Sources:

Relevant Information:

Description: A large mottled brownish-yellow catfish with stout dorsal and pectoral-fin spines and five pairs barbels surrounding the mouth. Estuary catfish have large venomous dorsal and pectoral-fin spines that are capable of inflicting very painful wounds. Habitat: Endemic to temperate coastal waters of southern Australia, from Moreton Bay, Queensland, to the Abrolhos Islands (Western Australia), but absent from most of Victoria and Tasmania; occurs in Eastern Victoria (to about Lakes Entrance) and Duck River, northern Tasmania. The Estuary Cobbler inhabits marine and estuarine waters in bays and sandy or muddy inlets near river mouths. Individuals live on sandy and muddy bottoms in clear to turbid waters, often amongst rocks and algae. They also occur amongst wrack (detached seagrass and macroalgae) in the surf zone. The species is usually nocturnal, and individuals often shelter in holes and beneath rocky ledges during the day. Colouration: Variously mottled dark brown to grey, often with speckles of cream or yellow, underside of head and belly creamy. Diet: Omnivore - feeds mostly at night on fishes and benthic invertebrates including crustaceans, molluscs and polychaete worms. Individuals also consume algae and detritus. Etymology: The species is named macrocephalus for its large head: macro- (large) and cephalus (head).

Common Name:

Estuary Cobbler

Synonyms:

Plotosus macrocephalus, Plotosus megastomus, Choeroplotosus decemfilis, Cnidoglanis bostockii, Neoplotosus waterhousii, Ostophycephalus duriceps

Family:

Plotosidae

Distribution:

Australasia: Kirra, Queensland to Jervis Bay, New South Wales, and Kingston, South Australia to Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia and Duck River, Tasmania, in near-shore and reef habitats. Type locality: prise à Timor [in error, possibly for Tasmania, Australia].

Size:

91.0cm. (36½ins)

Temp:

p.H.

IUCN Red List

Cnidoglanis macrocephalus has been assessed as Data Deficient. This species has been heavily exploited across its range and length of individuals is said to be below the age at which they mature. Landings data indicates significant declines, however there is little data from which to determine rates of decline. Further research is needed on genetic distinctivness of subpopulations and rates of decline for a more accurate assessment of conservation status to be made, and therefore needs updating, (IUCN 2010).

Reference:

Acero, A. 2010. Cnidoglanis macrocephalus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010.
Ferraris, C.J. Jr., 2007. Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa 1418:1-628.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2019. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, ( 12/2019 ).
Gomon, M.F. & Bray, D.J. 2018, Cnidoglanis macrocephalus in Fishes of Australia.
Gomon, M.F. & Bray, D.J. 2018, Plotosus macrocephalus Valenciennes, 1840 in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.15: 428, pl. 449. Type Locality: Timor Island, southern Malay Archipelago (probably in error for Tasmania, Australia).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.

Family: Plotosidae Back to Ident-A-Cat Click on Thumbnails

Cnidoglanis macrocephalus
Red Rock Estuary, Coffs Harbour, NSW

Cnidoglanis macrocephalus
Dorsal head view-Fairy Bower, Manly, NSW

Cnidoglanis macrocephalus
Head view-Shelly Beach, Manly, NSW

Cnidoglanis macrocephalus
Juvenile-Normanville, Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia

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