f we are talking about an impressive-looking catfish,
we need to go no further than the Bolt cat, Aguarunichthys
torosus, from the Pimelodidae family. This catfish
grows to 35cm (14 inches) in standard length and is
therefore not a good candidate for a typical community
fish tank.
Aguarunichthys
torosus
Aguarunichthys
torosus is an agile and fearless fighter, making
it ideal for a predator aquarium. Feeding time is
particularly interesting and promises exciting observations.
At other times, it usually rests, giving the impression
of a timid and attractive catfish. However, with this
species, those first impressions can be deceptive!
(Ros, Wolfgang).
The genus Aguarunichthys
belongs to the family of the "Antenna Catfishes"
(Pimelodidae) and includes, besides the sporadic imported
A.
torosus, two other
species which are rare even in nature and therefore
are not imported very often: A.
inpai, which at 42
centimeters SL is the biggest species, and A.
tocantinsensis, which
at nearly 32 centimeters SL is a bit smaller than
A. torosus, whose SL in nature is specified
at approximately 35 centimeters. Based on a light
background, all three have a characteristic fine pattern
of black dots/points which vary in number and size
depending on the species (Ros, Wolfgang). The key
to the three species is in Zuanon et al. (1993).
Aguarunichthys
torosus
- Hand
feeding fish fillets
Aguarunichthys
torosus was described by Stewart (1986)
based on a single specimen from the Peruvian
Amazon; it is distinguishable from other pimelodid
genera by the unusual shape of the air bladder,
which has finger-like projections on its posterolateral
margin and anterior tubular extensions, and
by a subterminal mouth with broad premaxillaries
ending in posterolateral extensions.
Two new
species of Aguarunichthys were described
and compared with A torosus. Aguarunichthys
tocantinsensis, new species, from the Tocantins
River, which differs from A. torosus
by having a larger orbital diameter, overlapping
branchiostegal membranes, a distance between
snout tip and anterior nostrils less than the
distance between anterior and posterior nostrils,
and a distance between snout tip and posterior
nostrils less than the distance between postcrior
nostrils and posterior edges of orbital rim.
Aguarunichthys inpai, new species,
from the Solimóes River and from the
other two species by having a broader head,
smaller eyes, and a wider mouth (Zuznan et al.
1993).
South
America: Cenepa River basin,
Amazon River drainage, Peru. Type
Locality: Peru, Departamento
Amazonas, Río Cenepa, 1.6 km west of
Huampami and near Peruvian military camp Chavez
Valdivia, about 210 m elev., Approx. 4º28'S,
78º10'W.
The Cenepa River basin
is a significant tributary system located
entirely within Peru, forming part of the
vast Amazon River drainage basin, which collects
water from the eastern slopes of the Andes
and flows east to the Atlantic. This basin,
characterized by dense rainforest and high
precipitation, is a crucial ecosystem known
for biodiversity, home to unique fish species
like Aguarunichthys torosus, and
supports local Amazonian communities reliant
on the river's cycles, though it faces threats
from climate change, deforestation, and mining.
Common
Name
Bolt
cat
Synonyms
None
Family
Pimelodidae
Subfamily
-
Habitat
Inhabits deep portions of the
main channel of large rivers.
Distribution
South America:
Cenepa River basin, Amazon River drainage, Peru. Type
locality: Peru, Departamento Amazonas, Río
Cenepa, 1.6 km west of Huampami and near Peruvian
military camp Chavez Valdivia, about 210 m elev.,
Approx. 4º28'S, 78º10'W.
Size
35.0cm. (14ins)
Temp.
22-27°C (71-81°F)
p.H.
6.0-7.2.
Characteristics
Dorsal fin, short-based with
a spine and six rays. Pectoral fin with a spine and
13 rays. Anal fin has 14 rays. The adipose fin is
moderately long but well separated from the dorsal
and caudal fin. The caudal fin is forked, with the
upper lobe longer and more pointed than the lower
lobe.
Colouration
Particularly striking is
a light zone which is a little upstream of the middle
of the body and which extends obliquely to the rear
in the form of a strip from the back approximately
to the beginning of the pectoral and ventral fins.
Young specimens of A. torosus are more
brightly coloured, but like adults, they already
show the typical stippling/mottling.
Aquarium
Care & Compatibility
Very much a catfish for the larger aquarium to be
kept by the more serious catfish keeper. As with most
species in this genera it will be predatory so would
need to be kept with fish that are not too small although
this species would be better to be kept on its own
as other fish will be seen as prey. A large tank would
be needed no smaller than 2 metres (6ft) long and
a depth of 70cm (28ins) with powerful filtration,
to give it plenty of swimming space
Reproduction
Not reported.
Sexual
differences
Not reported.
Diet
Earthworms, fish fillets,
frozen foods such as whole and unbroken smelts, shrimp
or mussel meat. Tablet and pellet foods will also
be taken.
Glossary
of Terms
Afdipos
fin:Fleshy finlike projection
without rays, behind the rayed dorsal fin.
Anal fin:The median, unpaired,
ventrally located fin that lies behind the anus, usually
on the posterior half of the fish.
Caudal fin:The tail.
Dorsal fin: The primary rayed fin(s) on top
of the body. Pectoral fin: The paired fins just
behind the head. Premaxillary: In relation to the
premaxilla (an upper jaw bone) e.g. premaxillary tooth
band. Ventral fins: The paired fins, between
the pectorals and the anal fins.
Etymology
Aguarunichthys:From Aguarun, a Peruvian tribe
that lives in the limit with Ecuador+ Greek, ichthys
= fish.