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Oyakawa et al (3)

Description: Abdomen completely covered by plates readily discriminates H. panara from members of the H. loricariformis group (naked abdomen) and from members of H. rhombocephala group (abdomen partially covered). Harttia panara can be distinguished from H. surinamensis, H. fowleri, and H. duriventris by having the caudal peduncle slightly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels vs. caudal peduncle strongly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels. In addition, H. panara can be distinguished from these species, plus H. dissidens, by having a smaller orbital diameter, respectively 14.8–19.0% [16.6%] vs. 19.2–23.0% [20.9%] in H. surinamensis, 20.8–23.1% [22.0%] in H. fowleri, 18.1–25.5% [20.8%] in H. duriventris and 21.4– 24.1% [22.5%] in H. dissidens. Also, the interorbital width discriminates H. panara, 28.6–35.2% [31.0%] from H. dissidens, 23.6–26.2% [24.8%]. Harttia panara can be distinguished from H. absaberi by having two large preanal plates vs. one pre-anal plate; and by the absence of a specialised chain-like bone structure of second dorsal-fin spine vs. presence in H. absaberi. H. panara can also be distinguished from H. villasboas by having a smaller head length 22.8–24.8% [23.4%] vs. 24.0–29.9% [26.3%] of SL. Finally, H. panara can be distinguished from H. villasboas by having the anterior profile of head roughly triangular in dorsal view vs. elliptical in dorsal view (Oyakawa et al 2018). Habitat: Known from bellow the two great falls of Rio Curuá, a tributary of Rio Iriri, in the region of Serra do Cachimbo and in Rio Fresco, a tributary of the middle portion of Rio Xingu (Oyakawa et al 2018). Aquarium Care: Not the easiest genera to keep as they will need clean, oxygen rich water and a strong current. Does not do well in imports due to its difficulty in traveling containers. Sexual Differences: Males tend to have odontodes (hair like structures) on the first ray of the pectoral fins and the head in males is broader. Diet: Grazes on microscopic algae, mostly diatoms and green algae growing on rugged and light-coloured rocks, and submersed vegetation. Chironomid and simuliid larvae, as well as tiny crustaceans, are recorded in its diet. When scraping algae off the substrate, the fish makes vigorous mouth movements and jerky movements, probably related to its mouth making alternate grazing and attaching to the substrate. In the aquarium feed dry foods, algae wafers, Spirulina and normal tablet foods. Frozen foods, Artemia nauplii, glass worms and Daphnia. Etymology: The specific name, panara, is a patronym that honors the Panará Indians, also called Krenakore, Kreen-Akore or Krenhakore. They call themselves Panará, which means human being or “gente” or “seres humanos” in Portuguese. In the beginning of the 20th century, they were considered extinct. In 1950, however, during the Villas Boas Brothers expedition to the Serra do Cachimbo region, the Panarás were spotted again. Only in 1969 was a tentative contact of the Panarás initiated and, in 1972, Orlando and Claudio Villas Boas established the first contact with them in the region of Serra do Cachimbo. In 1973, when the Cuiabá-Santarém highway (BR- 163) began to be built, crossing through their territory, they were removed to the Parque Indígena do Xingu. Finally, in 1995 they recovered the right to live in part of their original territory in Southern Pará State. A noun in apposition (Oyakawa et al 2018).

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Loricariidae

South America: Brazil, so far, only known from above the two great falls of Rio Curuá, a tributary of Rio Iriri, in the area of Serra do Cachimbo. Collections made bellow the two falls of Rio Curuá have failed in capture the species, suggesting that the new species might be restricted to the portion of the river above the two great falls.

11.0cm. (4¼ins)

24-27°c (75-81°f.)

6.0-7.5.