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L. R. Malabarba (1) Carvalho & Reis 2011 (3)

Hisonotus vireo differs from its congeners, except from H. aky, H. brunneus, H. carreiro, H. charrua, H. heterogaster, H. laevior, H. megaloplax, H. montanus, H. nigricauda, H. notopagos, H. prata, H. ringueleti, and H. taimensis by having the anterior margin of the snout with an odontode-free band; vs. anterior margin of the snout complete covered by odontodes. Differs from those above, except H. carreiro, H. prata, and H. ringueleti by the caudal fin pigmentation, when well defined, composed of a dark background with a pair of hyaline areas, in the middle portion of upper and lower lobes, vs. a dark background without hyaline areas or a transverse hyaline band at the middle of caudal-fin length. Hisonotus vireo differs from H. ringueleti by having the posterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine smooth in specimens between 25 and 35 mm SL, vs. posterior portion of spine serrate in specimens between 25 and 35 mm SL, and by having the abdomen completely covered by abdominal plates, vs. abdomen having a large naked area medially on the anterior portion. Differs from H. carreiro and H. prata by the absence of a raised tuft of odontodes on the posterior parieto-supraoccipital tip on adults, juvenile specimens presenting slightly enlarged odontodes, vs. a conspicuous tuft of enlarged odontodes at posterior parietosupraoccipital tip, and median lateral plate series complete, not truncated, vs. median lateral plate series truncated, (Carvalho & Reis 2011). Habitat: Widely distributed in the Jacuí River basin, from the eastern drainages of the Gravataí River and the Sinos River to the lower reaches of the western drainage of the Jacuí River. The type locality for the species is the Sinos River, on the highway to Fundo Quente, Caraá municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state (Carvalho and Reis 2011). Reproduction: Scatters eggs throughout the aquarium and are not cared for by the parents. Aquarium Care: Said to be a bit more problematic in the aquarium if good water quality is not adhered to. They rest on aquatic vegetation in the aquarium so long leaved plants are recommended. Cooler temperatures and a strong filtration with adequate current will fare better for this species and for this genera overall. Diet: Will feed on flake, algae, tablet foods and algae wafers. Etymology: The specific epithet, vireo, from the Latin meaning “greenish”, in allusion to the greenish coloration of live specimens of this species. Remarks: Listed when first discovered in 2007 by Reis & Carvalho as Hisonotus sp. 4. and by Cramer et al as Hisonotus sp. 1.

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Loricariidae

South America: Widely distributed in the Rio Jacuí basin from the eastern Rio Gravataí and Rio dos Sinos drainages to the lower portions of the western Rio Jacuí drainage. Type locality: Sinos River, on the highway to Fundo Quente, Caraá municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state.

4.5cm. (1¾ins)

20-24°c (67-75°f.)

5.5-7.0.