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This family like the Schilibidae are also called "glass catfishes" or sheath fishes. Dorsal fin usually with fewer than seven rays, sometimes absent, not preceded by a spine; adipose fin absent; pelvic fins small, sometimes absent; anal fin base very elongate, 41-110 rays; nasal barbel absent, one or two pairs of barbels on lower jaw, and maxillary barbels usually elongate.

This is quite a diverse family, from the midwater shoaling Krytopterus to the predatory Wallago and the European wels, Silurus glanis. The difference between the families is quite straightforward, the Silurids do not posses an adipose fin and most of the Shilbids do. The Silurids also have a small notch between the anal and caudal fin whereas the Shilbids have this joined.

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